Ancient societies weren't civilisations

The Mainstream Point of View

The mainstream point of view holds that ancient societies such as the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Mayans were civilizations. They had complex social structures, advanced technologies, and sophisticated cultures, which are the hallmarks of civilization.

The Statement

Ancient societies were not civilizations. This is a bold claim that challenges the conventional wisdom. The mainstream view is based on a narrow definition of civilization that focuses on material achievements and social complexity. But if we broaden our perspective to include spiritual and ecological harmony, many ancient societies fall short. They often exploited their environments and their people, leading to social inequality and environmental degradation. For example, the Roman Empire's relentless expansion led to widespread deforestation and soil erosion.

Terms

• Civilization - A complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, and a perceived form of government. Example: The Roman Empire.

• Ancient Societies - Societies that existed in the distant past, often characterized by primitive technology and simple social structures. Example: The Mayans.

• Ecological Harmony - A state of balance between humans and their environment, where resources are used sustainably. Example: Indigenous tribes often live in ecological harmony, using resources sustainably and respecting nature.

An Analogy

Imagine a school where students are judged solely on their grades. This is like the mainstream view of civilization, which focuses on material achievements. But if we also consider students' kindness, creativity, and respect for others, some high-achieving students might not seem so civilized.A Main MisconceptionMany people equate civilization with progress, assuming that ancient societies were primitive and inferior. But this overlooks the wisdom and sustainable practices of many ancient societies. For example, many indigenous tribes lived in harmony with nature, a concept that our "civilized" society is only now starting to appreciate.The HistoryThe idea that ancient societies were not civilizations emerged in the 20th century, as scholars began to question the Eurocentric view of history. They pointed out that many so-called "primitive" societies had rich cultures, sustainable practices, and egalitarian social structures. This perspective has gained traction in recent years, as environmental crises have highlighted the shortcomings of our own "civilized" society.Three Cases How to Use It Right Now

1. In Education: Teachers can use this perspective to broaden students' understanding of history and civilization. They can highlight the wisdom and achievements of ancient societies, challenging the notion that progress is linear and Eurocentric. The main benefits of using this knowledge are a more nuanced understanding of history and a greater appreciation for diverse cultures.

2. In Environmental Policy: Policymakers can learn from the sustainable practices of ancient societies. This can inform policies that promote ecological harmony and sustainable resource use. The main benefits of using this knowledge are more sustainable policies and a healthier environment.

3. In Social Justice: Activists can use this perspective to challenge social inequality. By highlighting the egalitarian social structures of many ancient societies, they can critique our own society's inequality. The main benefits of using this knowledge are greater social justice and a more equitable society.

Interesting Facts

1. The indigenous tribes of the Amazon have used sustainable farming practices for thousands of years.

2. The ancient Egyptians had a complex system of medicine that included surgery and pharmacology.

3. The ancient Greeks practiced direct democracy, where citizens voted on laws themselves.

4. The ancient Mayans had a sophisticated understanding of astronomy and used it to create accurate calendars.

5. The ancient Romans had a complex legal system that has influenced legal systems around the world.